In fact, the most serious legislation that was passed for urban black music was the Group Areas Act of 1950, which separated all racially mixed neighborhoods by removing black communities and relocating them on the peripheries into townships. According to Ballantine, legislation was passed during the 1950s to further consolidate the apartheid state, and violent methods of implementation also assisted this along. Binns and Nel state in their article that townships were the poor, black residential areas created under apartheid, explicitly revealing that these townships were not for the wealthy Westerners living in South Africa, but for the lower class of South Africa. The origins of township music in South Africa began from the formation of townships, which are urban residential areas where Africans were authorized to rent houses built by the government during the 1950s. It, too, is jazz-like its roots are in marabi, American jazz, and traditional Zulu music. Immigrants from Malawi developed the kwela sound by fusing Malawian music with marabi. Marabi evolved from jazz influence in the 1920s. The principal genres of township music are mbaqanga, kwela, and marabi. Township Jazz is any of various music genres created by Bantu peoples living in poor, racially segregated urban areas of South Africa (" townships") during the 20th century.
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